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Уроки по английскому языку – Урок 132

More about letters

Did you notice how simple the style of the last letter was? In an English letter, and especially a business letter, it is better to be as direct as possible. There are no frills1 or extravagant2 salutations and the style is plain. Our Miss Watson could have written* her life history or talked about her brother-in-law, But she did not, and it worked. Simplicity always pays. In official correspondence, the English use many abbreviations. “For example” is written* “e. g.”; “That is to say” is written* “i. e.” (from the Latin id est). The twenty-four hour clock is not widely3 used in Britain. (It is used mainly on the railways, which might explain why the trains are so often late!) So instead, English people write* “a. m.” to indicate the morning and “p. m.” for the afternoon and evening, e. g.: 10.00 a. m., 9.30 p. m. Ther abbreviations you might find come* after people’s

names, like “B. A.” (Bachelor of Arts) or “M. Sc” (Master of Science). You could also come* across “V. C.” or “D. S. O.”4 or any of the numerous military or civilian decorations. Twice a year, the Queen draws* up an “Honours List” which decorates people who have given* service to the nation.		Больше о письмах

Вы заметили, насколько прост стиль последнего письма? В английском письме, а в особенности письме служебном, лучше быть непосредственным (писать так просто), настолько это возможно. He нужны (стилистические) приукрашения или экстравагантные поздравления, стиль (должен быть) простым. Наша мисс Ватсон могла бы написать свою автобиографию или говорить о своем шурине, Но она этого не сделала и это возымело действие [сработало]. Простота всегда дает результаты. В официальной корреспонденции

англичане используют много сокращений: “например” пишется “e. g”; “То есть” обозначается как “i. e.” (с латинского id est). Двадцатичетырехчасовое (исчисление) времени не повсеместно используется в Великобритании. Оно используется в основном на железнодорожных вокзалах, что может объяснить, почему поезда так часто опаздывают! Таким образом, вместо (этого 24-часового исчисления) англичане пишут “а. m.”, чтобы обозначить первую половину дня, и “р. m.”, чтобы обозначить время после полудня, например: 10.00 a. m., 9.30 p. m. Другие сокращения, которые могут вам встретиться, ставятся после фамилий, например: “В. А.” (Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр искусств) или “M. S. C.” (Master of Science – магистр наук). Можно также встретить “V. C.” (Victoria Cross – крест Виктории) или “D. S. O.” (Distinguished Service Order) либо иные из многочисленных военных или гражданских наград. Два раза в год королева подписывает [составляет] Список Заслуженных, по которому награждаются люди, имеющие заслуги перед нацией.

Объяснения

Frill – сборка, складка, дополнительные украшения. Extravagant – экстравагантный, нелепый, непомерный, расточительный, легкомысленный. Widely – повсеместно, широко; Widespread – широко распространенный, всеобщий. D. S. O. – медаль, которой награждаются офицеры армии и флота.

Упражнения

You must never use abbreviations when speaking. She could have helped him, but she did not. You should have been more simple, it always works. Pastis is not widely drunk in England. If you want me to send you a postcard, you must buy me a stamp.(Тебе) никогда нельзя использовать сокращений, в устной речи. Она могла ему помочь, но не помогла. Ты должен был быть более естественным, это всегда дает результаты. Пастис (французский алкогольный напиток – анисовая водка) не является повсеместно (известным) напитком в Англии. Если ты хочешь, чтобы я прислал тебе открытку, ты должен мне купить мне марку.

Вставьте пропущенные слова

Тебя просили прийти пунктуально, т. е. в 8.30 вечера.
You are requested to arrive.. …., …. 8.30 ….. Существует много различных наград, например, Крест Виктории.
There… …….. decorations, …. the Victoria Cross (V. C.) Какую [какой разновидности] хочешь рубашку? Однотонную или в полоску?
…. …. of shirt do you. . . . ? …..or striped? Когда закончишь редактировать отчет, зайди ко мне в бюро.
When you…. finished……. ..the report, …. … … me in my office. В то время, когда я делала покупки, я наткнулась на это старое ружье.
….. I… shopping, I…. …… this old gun.

Ответы

On time, i. e. – p. m. Are numerous – e. g. What sort – want? – Plain. Have – drawing up – come and see. While – was – came across.


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Уроки по английскому языку – Урок 132
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