Топики по английскому языку

The history of the USA dates back only to the 15th century. In the 15th century there was no USA at all. The present territory of the USA was divided among some countries. In the 15th — 16th centuries some territory of the USA belonged to Great Britain (northern and western lands); southern parts (California, … Читать далее

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a confederation, or alliance, created by Russia, Ukraine and Byelorussia. Up to 2005 it consisted of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan discontinued permanent membership as of August 26,2005 and is now an associate member. The creation … Читать далее

The protection of nature has become one of the most burning problems of the 21st century. The Earth provides people with mineral resources, rivers, forests, fields — everything that makes the foundation of industrial and agricultural production. Why does all this want protection? Because people often do things which pollute land and waters greatly. It’s … Читать далее

The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside. Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environment problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are: · Pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, … Читать далее

The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judiciary. T he respective government institutions — the Presidency, Congress, and the Courts — were given limited and specific powers; and a series of checks, whereby each branch of government has certain authority over the others to … Читать далее

Every country has its own established system of education. Education in Ukraine receives special attention from government and other state or private educational institutions. It is free and compulsory for children aged 6 to 15. Most children start attending a primary school at the age of 6. However, there are a number of pre-school opportunities. … Читать далее

Cinema plays an important role in the life of any society. It is an available popular form of art. Lots of people find going to the cinema one of the best ways of spending their leisure time. The movie audience is predominantly a young one. Due to numerous video facilities, cinema attendances have declined sharply. … Читать далее

Great Britain made a great contribution to the science, literature, music and arts of the world. It gave mankind a lot of outstanding scientists, writers and poets, musicians and painters. Thomas More, who lived in the 15th century was an outstanding humanist, scientist and statesman. His work «Utopia» brought him worldwide acknowledgement. Many prominent people … Читать далее

Gustave Flaubert was born on Dec. 12, 1821, in Rouen. Rouen’s medieval charm, the bustle of its business (which revolted him), and the comfortable bourgeois ease that flowed from his father’s position as chief surgeon at the municipal hospital marked the sensitive child. Fearing his father, he found outlets for his overflowing affections in his … Читать далее

On the 5th of September 1977, the American spacecraft Voyager One blasted off on its historic mission to Jupiter and beyond. On board the scientists who knew that Voyager would one day spin through distant star systems had installed a recorded greeting from the people of the planet Earth. A brief message in fifty-five different … Читать далее

Benjamin Franklin was self-educated, which means that he was too poor to go to school and therefore got a good education. As a boy he helped his father to make candles, which were thought to look more romantic that electric lights. When he was twelve Benjamin was so interested in reading that he gave up … Читать далее

One of the most peculiar features of life in England which immediately strikes any visitor to this country is the cherishing and preserving of many traditions, sometimes very archaic as they may seem. Uniforms are not particularly characteristic of this fact. However, when one sees the warders at the Tower of London with their funny … Читать далее

There are many holidays in the USA which are celebrated from year to year. American people enjoy having holidays, especially if they are public. During such holidays children don’t go to school and adults don’t work. Perhaps, the most favourite public holidays in the USA are Christmas and New Year. Christmas season starts on December … Читать далее

The variety of English spoken in the USA has received the name of American English. The term variant or variety appears most appropriate for several reasons. American English can not be called a dialect although it is a regional variety, because it has a literary normalized form called Standard American, whereas by definition that any … Читать далее

Russia is the land of contrasts: geographically, economically, mentally, etc. And this fact attracts lots of tourists to our Motherland. So, I`d like to present a brief recommendation for visitors. Northwest Russia. Whether it`s for a night out, day trip or weekend away with family, Russian Northwest has a wealth of attractions to inspire you. … Читать далее

In our days young people choose diffirent subcultures. It helps to indentify themselfes. Various subcultures have their own beliefs, value, sestems, fashion and favorite music. I know some subcultures like EMO, Goths, Skinheads, Bikers, Rockers, Punks, Hippies, Mods. They all have pluses and minuses. Firstly, some members of subcultures are very agressive to other people, … Читать далее

Dear Ann, Thank you for your kind letter. I was so glad to receive it. You ask me to tell you a few things about my summer holidays. Well. In June I was in Moscow with my mum. My aunt lives there. I would like to write that Moscow is a very beautiful and big … Читать далее

Contemporary life is impossible without reading. The influence of literature on people’s mind is great. Regular reading enriches your knowledge of the world and helps to form your entire personality. If a book appeals to you, it arouses lots of feelings and emotions in your heart. If you take to reading, the world of other … Читать далее

Though Ralph Waldo Emerson’s origins were promising, his path to eminence was by no means easy. He was born in Boston on May 25, 1803, of a fairly well-known New England family. His father was a prominent Boston minister. However, young Emerson was only 8 when his father died and left the family to face … Читать далее

What is art? Art is a way to show one’s emotions or communicate one’s thoughts. Art is an important part of people’s cultural life. There are different forms of art. Painting, sculpture, photography Painting is a practice of applying paint or color to a surface. There are a lot of genres and styles. For example, … Читать далее

Great Britain is situated on the islands. It is washed by seas from all the sides. That’s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain are very specific. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer. There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter. It seldom … Читать далее

The Clash of Civilisations is a theory that was proposed by one of the political scientists, whose name is Samuel P. Huntington. The author is of opinion that all the conflicts are because of the cultural and religious identities among people. S. Huntington is certain about the conflicts in the future; he believes the clash … Читать далее

We often hear a saying «Don’t invent a bicycle» about something simple and known for a long time. Really, the bicycle is old enough — more than a hundred years of age. Its first prototype appeared in 1791 in France. In 1800 a Russian peasant Artamonov made an iron bicycle and travelled on it from … Читать далее

Let me introduce myself. My full name is Tsalko Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna. I was born on Match, 2, 1981 in the city of Slavsk, Kaliningrad region. I have finished the North-west academy of public administration. And now I work. I have got family. My family is not large. We are on friendly terms and always have … Читать далее

Folk customs and rites arose in prehistoric times and evolved through the centuries blending with Christian rites. They can be divided into: (1) familial customs and rites, which consist of birth, marriage, and burial rites; (2) seasonal-productive customs and rites, which are tied to farming, herding, and hunting tasks; and (3) communal customs and rites, … Читать далее

Avatar… is a really fantastic movie which should be seen by everyone on the Earth. Avatar is not just a film. It is something more that mankind has not seen before. Avatar is an admirable break of the future film production. The director and writer of Avatar is legendary James Cameron who has come back … Читать далее

Despite the fact that words «dream» and «reality» have different meanings, they are inseparably linked with each other. As it is known, dream can become reality if you make necessary efforts. For example, trying to do our best, we can reach wanted results. Moreover, dreams give us energy and essential emotions to fulfil the plans … Читать далее

German Corporate Culture differs from Anglo-American Corporate Culture significantly. The main difference is that the controlling and managing functions are divided between two branches of authorities. So the management system consists of 2 parts: the Supervision Council and the Governance Cabinet. In German Corporate Culture control share holding is concentrated in the hands of wealthy … Читать далее

The school system of Canada is very much like the one in the USA, but there are certain differences. Education in Canada is general and compulsory for children from 6 to 16 years old, and in some provinces — to 14. It is within the competence of the local authorities, and therefore it may differ … Читать далее

In recent years the number of environmental problems has increased greatly. One of the most dangerous problems for our planet is global warming which means that most climates all over the world are changing and getting warmer. It happens because we burn too much petrol resources, such as oil and coal, and the Earth heats … Читать далее

I know that many people like to eat deliciously. Some of them like meat, while the others prefer vegetables. In fact, how many people are and how many tastes are. I want to tell you about some special thing for me. It is garlic bread. The first time I tried garlic bread in 2001. I … Читать далее

Examinations in English can be considered differently. As a well-known English proverb says, «So many man, so many minds». What are such exams for me? Being an inseparable part of any curriculum, exams are simple tests to get over or to fail. It is true, but the role of the exams in English is much … Читать далее

As is known in Britain there exists the accepted code of behavior. This accepted code of behavior of the British people doesn’t allow the straightforward expression of what they think and feel. In contrast to Russians who prefer directness, British people tend to understate things. A conversation in English is full of hints, half tones … Читать далее

The majority are interested in reading about celebrities. However, all the people are different: the ones would like to be popular everywhere, but the others are more reserved and insular. In fact, many famous people like being discussed all over the world. They think that due to scandals they will be able to get fame, … Читать далее

As a sovereign country, Belarus enjoys full rights and is active on the foreign arena. From the moment of setting up the United Nations Organization (UNO) Belarus as one of its constituent member states takes an active part in the work of this association, its organs and institutions. Belarus regularly sends its delegations to the … Читать далее

Charlotte Brontë was born 21 April 1816. She attended Clergy Daughter’s School in Lancashire in 1824. However, she returned home next year because of the harsh conditions and the death of her two sisters. In 1831 she went to school at Roe Head, where she later worked as a teacher. However, she fell ill, suffered … Читать далее

Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. He studied in Vienna under Mozart and Hayden. In Vienna he first made his reputation as a pianist and teacher, and he became famous quickly. At this time he composed many of his most popular works such as the Fifth symphony, the Emperor Concerto, the Eroica and … Читать далее

Every nation has different customs and traditions, its own way of life. In Europe there are people who have lived in the same house and been in the same job for 20, 30 or more years. That’s not the American way of life. The Americans love change, they call it the spirit of adventure, a … Читать далее

Red Square lies just outside the Kremlin walls. This large plaza, about 1/4 mile (0.4 kilometre) long, took its name in Russian from an old word meaning both beautiful and red. Huge military and civilian parades were held in Red Square in order to celebrate various special occasions. Opposite the Kremlin on Red Square is … Читать далее

At the hospital, Bill took off his sock and pulled his trouser leg up over his knee onto his thigh. The doctor looked down at the injured foot, which was already getting bigger and changing colour. «Hm. Nasty accident,» he said. «What happened?» «A skier smashed into my foot,» explained Bill. «Oh, dear. Very nasty. … Читать далее

The United States of America is a very diverse country. Its nature, climate, population varies from the East Coast to the west, from the northern border to the southern. Climate is mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in … Читать далее

Our family is neither big nor small. I have a mother, a father and a sister. We live together in a flat in one of the industrial districts of Kharkiv. We are an average family. My father Ihor Ivanovych is 45 years old. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and … Читать далее

The sun was going down for the last time, sending its burning farewell rays down on this naked earth. Are there many people like me, I wonder? the ones who look at the sunset and think: is it the last one ever?.. the ones who count days, catch minutes and try to remember each moment … Читать далее

In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king’s favour. After he was dismissed … Читать далее

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. British people say: «Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather.» The weather … Читать далее

Bohdan Khmelnytsky was born in 1596 and died in 1657 in Chyhyryn. He was Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host from 1648 to 1657, a founder of Hetman state (1648–1782). His father served as an officer under the Polish crown of hetman S. Zolkiewski and his mother was a Cossack descent. Bohdan Khmelnytsky completed his schooling … Читать далее

The culture of Giovanni Boccaccio is rooted in the Middle Ages, but his conception of life points forward to the Renaissance. Like his fellow poet Petrarch, he straddled two ages, and yet he was unlike Petrarch—a fervent admirer of classical and Christian antiquity—in his acceptance of the medieval tradition. Boccaccio’s work reflects both his bourgeois … Читать далее

The word library comes from the Latin word liber, meaning «a book». This is a place where information in print (books, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests. Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome. Perhaps the … Читать далее

Louis Armstrong and Biliie Holiday Louis Daniel Armstrong was born on July 4, 1900, in New Orleans, the birthplace of American jazz. His father, Willie, was a worker. His grandparents had been slaves. In 1913 he became the leader of the school band. A musician taught him how to read music when he joined Mississippi … Читать далее

If you want to form a correct opinion of the British character, you don’t have to concentrate on big cities, you should better go forth into the country, you’d better visit castles, farm-houses and villages and see the people in all their habits and humours. For centuries the British have been known as insular, superior, … Читать далее