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Education in Great Britain (4)

All British children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they are sixteen. Many of them stay longer and take school-leaving exams when they are 18. Before 1965 all pupils of state schools had to go through special intelligence tests and went to secondary schools of different types (grammar, technical, modern) according to the results of these tests. Grammar schools provided academic education for the best, technical schools offered technical or commercial courses, and at a modern school one could learn some trade.

Nowadays schools of these types still exist, but the most popular type is comprehensive school introduced in 1965. A comprehensive school usually has the humanities, sciences and education with a practical bias combined under one roof. Pupils may change their specialisation inside one school. Schools of this type have physics, maths, chemistry, languages, geography, biology, history and art, as well as commercial and domestic courses. There are many private schools which the state does not control. In Britain they are called ‘public schools’ and charge fees for educating children. Many of them are boarding schools where pupils live during the term time.

At the age of 16 pupils take General Certificate of Secondary Education exams in several subjects. After that they can try to get a job, go to college of further education, or stay at school for another 2-3 years. If they stay at school after 16, or go to a college of further education, they take school-leaving A-level exams at the age of 18. After that, they may choose to go to a university or a college of higher education.

There are about 180 higher educational establishments in the UK. After three years at a university or college of higher education they may receive the Bachelor’s degree; getting the Master’s degree will take another 2 or 3 years. After that, a graduate can take postgraduate courses to Master of Philosophy or Doctor of Philosophy. Students may receive grants and loans from their Local Educational Authorities to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. However, most students should pay these loans back after they get a job. Most students in Great Britain live away from home, in flats or halls of residence. To pay for education, many students have to work in the evening and during their summer vacations.

University life is considered an experience. The exams are competitive but the social life and living away from home are also important. The social life at universities and colleges is usually excellent, with a lot of clubs, parties and concerts.

Translate the following sentences into English.
1. БританскиС Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² школС Π΄ΠΎ 16 Π»Π΅Ρ‚.
2. УчащиСся государствСнных школ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ тСсты Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития.
3. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π° грамматичСскиС, тСхничСскиС ΠΈ соврСмСнныС ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹.
4. ГрамматичСскиС ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ акадСмичСскоС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, тСхничСскиС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ тСхничСскоС ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, соврСмСнныС ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ профСссии.
5. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ ΡΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ всС Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ срСднСй ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
6. Государство Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ частныС ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹.
7. ПослС сдачи экзамСнов Π½Π° ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ сСртификат ΠΎ срСднСм ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆ дальнСйшСго образования ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² школС.
8. ПослС сдачи выпускных экзамСнов ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π² унивСрситСт ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆ дальнСйшСго образования.
9. Выпускникам унивСрситСта ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ присвоСно Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°Π²Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ магистра.
10. Π­ΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² унивСрситСтах конкурсныС.
1. British children must stay at school till they are 16.
2. Pupils of state schools had to go through intelligence tests.
3. Secondary schools were subdivided into grammar, technical and modern schools.
4. Grammar schools provided academic education, technical schools offered technical or vocational courses, at modern schools one could learn a trade.
5. Comprehensive schools combine all types of education under one roof.
6. State does not control public schools.
7. After passing General Certificate of Secondary Education exams you can work, go to a college of further education or continue education at school.
8. After passing school-leaving A-level examinations you can go to a university or a college of further education.
9. Graduates of a university can get the Bachelor’s or Master’s degree.
10. University exams are competitive.

Из пособия “Π•Π“Π­. Английский язык. УстныС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹” Π—Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π•. Π›. (2010, 272с.) – Part two. Additional topics.


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