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Education in Russia – Образование в России

It is widely known that education helps to form the personality and prepares one for life. That is why all countries consider the system of education a very important part of national politics.
It Russia, everyone has the right to receive education guaranteed by the Constitution. This right is realized by the broad development of compulsory secondary education, vocational, specialised secondary and higher education and also by the development of a system of scholarships, grants, evening and correspondence courses. In Russia there is nine-year compulsory education, but to enter a university one has to study two years more. School starts at the age of six for Russian children. But most of them lear letters in kindergarden which is now part of primary school. Primary and secondary schools together comprise eleven years of study. Every school has a “core curriculum” of Russian, Mathematics, Science, Physical Education. A variety of elective subjects are taught at lyceums

and gymnasiums.
After finishing secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium one can go on to higher education. All applicants must take competitive examinations. Higher education institutions train undergraduate and graduate students in one or several specializations. The system of higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: decentralization of the higher education system, development of autonomy in higher education institutions, expansion of academic freedoms for faculties and students, deveopment of new financial mechanisms. All Russian schools until recently have been grant-maintained.

Образование в России

Общеизвестно, что образование помогает сформировать личность и готовит к жизни. Поэтому все страны считают систему образования важной частью национальной политики.
В России каждый имеет гарантированное Конституцией право на образование. Это право обеспечено развитой системой обязательного среднего образования, профессионального,

специального среднего и высшего образования, а также развитием системы стипендий, дотаций, вечерних и заочных курсов. В России существует девятилетнее обязательное образование, но, чтобы поступить в университет, нужно учиться еще два года. Русские дети идут в школу с шести лет. Но большинство из них учат буквы в детском саду, который теперь является частью начальной школы. Начальная и средняя школа вместе охватывают 11 лет учебы. У каждой школы есть основной учебный план, включающий русский язык, математику, естественные науки, физическое воспитание. В лицеях и гимназиях обучают различным предметам по выбору.
После окончания средней школы, лицея или гимназии можно получить высшее образование. Все поступающие должны пройти конкурсные экзамены. Высшие учебные заведения готовят студентов и аспирантов по одному или нескольким направлениям. Система высшего образования в России находится в переходном периоде. Основные цели реформы – это децентрализация системы высшего образования, развитие автономии высших учебных заведений, расширение академических свобод преподавательского состава и студентов, развитие нового финансового механизма. До недавнего времени все учебные заведения России находились на обеспечении государства.


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Education in Russia – Образование в России
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