Главная ⇒ 📌Топики по английскому языку ⇒ The Federal Judiciary — Федеральное судоустройство

The Federal Judiciary — Федеральное судоустройство

In the federal system there are 90 District Courts presided over by a district judge, which hear criminal cases involving breaches of federal law and civil cases on federal matters (disputes between states, non-payment of federal taxes, etc).

Appeals can be made to the United States Court of Appeals, where an appeal is heard by three judges, ah though in very important cases all nine appeal judges sit together.

In the vast majority of cases this court’s decision is final and sets a precedent for future cases, although this precedent is not always binding on the Supreme Court.

Although not explicitly given the power of judicial review — the power to decide whether the actions of the President, Congress or state governments violate the Constitution — this is the important role that the Supreme Court has developed in the legal system.

The Supreme Court judges, of whom there are normally nine (though Congress may alter this number) are nominated for life by the President after being approved by the Senate.

Федеральное судоустройство

В федеральной системе существует 90 окружных судов, контроль над которыми осуществляет окружной судья, которые рассматривают уголовные дела, связанные с нарушениями федерального закона и гражданских дел по федеральным делам (споры между штатами, неуплатой федеральных налогов и т. д.)

Апелляции могут быть поданы в апелляционный суд Соединенных Штатов, где апелляцию разбирают трое судей, хотя в очень важных случаях все девять апелляционных судей собираются вместе.

В огромном большинстве случаев решение этого суда является заключительным и устанавливает прецедент для будущих случаев, хотя этот прецедент не всегда скрепляется Верховным Судом.

Хотя и не явно данная власть юридического надзора — решать, не нарушают ли действия президента, Конгресса или правительств штата Конституцию — это важная роль, которую Верховный Суд разработал в юридической системе.

Судьи Верховного Суда, которых обычно девять (хотя конгресс может изменить это число) назначаются пожизненно президентом, будучи одобренными Сенатом.



История титаника на английском.
Trafalgar square топик.

Related topics:

  1. The Political System of the USAWashington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land which doesn’t belong to any state but to all the states. Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into three branches. The legislative power is vested in Congress and ... Читать далее...
  2. Political system of RussiaThe Russian Federation is a Presidential (or a constitutional) republic. The President is the head of the state and is elected directly by the people. In fact he has much power, he controls all the three branches of power. The President can even dissolve the Duma if he doesn’t agree with his suggestions three times ... Читать далее...
  3. Administration. The Judicial Branch of the Government — Государственное управление. Судебная властьThe judicial branch of the federal government is headed by the U. S. Supreme Court, which interprets the meaning of the Constitution and of federal laws. It consists of nine justices appointed for life by the president with the consent of the Senate. It has appellate jurisdiction for the lower federal courts and from state ... Читать далее...
  4. Administration in USA. The Judicial Branch of the Government — Государственное управление в США. Судебная властьThe judicial branch of the federal government is headed by the U. S. Supreme Court, which interprets the meaning of the Constitution and of federal laws. It consists of nine justices appointed for life by the president with the consent of the Senate. It has appellate jurisdiction for the lower federal courts and from state ... Читать далее...
  5. The USA (7)Топик США (7) рассказывает о государстве, расположенном в Северной Америке. США имеют федеративную форму устройства и административно делятся на 50 штатов и федеральный округ Колумбия. Столица – город Вашингтон. Соединенные Штаты граничат на севере с Канадой, на юге – с Мексикой. Омываются Тихим океаном с запада, Атлантическим океаном — с востока и Северным Ледовитым океаном ... Читать далее...
  6. The USAТопик США рассказывает о количестве штатов, входящих в состав Америки, о водах, омывающих берега этой огромной страны. Интересны факты об американской нации, представляющей собой смесь людей разных национальностей, ведь за последние 400 лет миллионы людей прибыли в Новый свет, чтобы начать новую жизнь. В топике представлены сведения о правительственной системе Соединенных Штатов Америки. В конституции ... Читать далее...
  7. President precedentDifference Between a Bad *President* and a Bad *Precedent* … BAD *PRECEDENT: Tipper: «How does it feel to be the big man, Hon?» Al: «Well Tip, it took 17 lawsuits and 18 months of election recounts, but I’d do it all again.» … BAD *PRESIDENT: Mr. Bush, repeat after me. I do solemnly swear — ... Читать далее...
  8. Перевод слова federalFederal — федеральный, правительственный Перевод слова Federal budget — федеральный бюджет federal officials — правительственные чиновники federal administration — федеральное правительство Federal Reserve Bank Федеральный резервный банк (в США) Federal rights pre-empt State rights. Федеральные права отменяют права штата. The forest is protected by Federal law. Этот лес охраняется Федеральным законом....
  9. The US Political SystemThe USA is a presidential republic. The legislative power of the USA is vested in the Congress of the USA. The Congress was created by Article I of the Constitution, adopted in 1787. It consists of two chambers — the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate is made up of 100 members (2 ... Читать далее...
  10. Перевод слова supremeSupreme — верховный, высший, предельный Перевод слова The supreme test — решающее испытание Supreme Court of Judicature — Верховный суд (Великобритании) Supreme Pontiff — папа римский Money reigns Supreme here. Здесь правят деньги. A Supreme Court judge was charged with taking bribes. Судье Верховного Суда было предъявлено обвинение в получении взятки. Jupiter is the Supreme ... Читать далее...
  11. Political System of the USA — Политическая система СШАThe United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states. Each state has its own government («state government*). In some ways the United States is like 50 small countries. The government of the USA act according to the Constitution which was signed by the first thirteen representatives of thirteen original American states ... Читать далее...
  12. Политическая система в США/ Political System of the USAНа английском языке Перевод на русский язык Political System of the USA Политическая система в США The USA is considered to be a federative republic, which presently consists of 50 states. Every state has its own governor and government. They also have their own legislative and executive entities. The head of the country is the ... Читать далее...
  13. US CongressThe United States of America is a federal republic consisting of50 states. Each of them has its own goverment («stategoverment»). In some ways the United States are like 50 smallcountries. Each state has its own governor, its own police andits own laws. The present constitution was proclaimed in 1787 inPhiladelphia, the President is the head ... Читать далее...
  14. The US CongressThe Congress of the United States is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states. Each state is granted at least one representative in the House. The remainder are apportioned among the states according to their population. The Senate of US is composed of one hundred members ... Читать далее...
  15. A lawyer passed on and found himself in HeavenA lawyer passed on and found himself in Heaven, but not at all happy with his accommodations. He complained to St. Peter, who told him that his only recourse was to appeal his assignment. The lawyer immediately advised that he intended to appeal, but was then told that he would be waiting at least three ... Читать далее...
  16. Why was Washington made the capital of the United States?After the War of Independence the United States needed a capital city. Different cities in different parts of the country wanted to be the nation’s capital. After all, it was decided to build a new city. In 1791 George Washington, the first president, chose the place where the city now stands. The land around the ... Читать далее...
  17. The United States of America. Economics and Political Structure — Экономика и политическое устройство Соединенных Штатов Америки&nbspNowadays, the USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is the world’s leading producer of copper and oil and the world’s second producer of iron ore and coal. Among the most important manufacturing industries are aircraft, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, armaments, furniture and paper. American farmers plant spring wheat in the western ... Читать далее...
  18. The Higher Organs of Power in the USABy the US Constitution the government of the nation is entrusted to three separate authorities: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. The executive power is vested in the President, who holds his office during the term of four years, and is elected together with the Vice-President. Among the duties and powers of the President ... Читать далее...
  19. The US Government — Политико-административное устройство СШАAfter its 200th birthday the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. A country that has inspired many names — «Land of Opportunity», «Meeting Pot», «God’s Country» is still referred to as land of superlatives — «the richest», «the greatest», «the most». In size the United States is not ... Читать далее...
  20. The USA (8)The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and Chine). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is ... Читать далее...
  21. Appeals Court Orders Woman Who Hid $1.3 Million Lottery Jackpot From Estranged Husband to Give It to HimA woman who kept $1.3 million in lottery winnings secret from her estranged husband to avoid having to give him half in their divorce settlement will now have to turn over the whole pot to him, this district’s Court of Appeal ruled Friday. Denise Rossi must give up her entire lottery share under a Family ... Читать далее...
  22. Washington (4)The capital of the United States of America was founded in 1791 in the District of Columbia. The capital received the name of Washington — after the name of the commander-in-chief of the American army in the War for Independence who became the first President of the United States. President Washington himself took an active ... Читать далее...
  23. The USA (2)The United States of America is another important English-speaking country. It consists of fifty different states and the District of Columbia joined together under one government. The USA covers an area of almost 9400000 square kilometres and is twice as large as all the countries of Europe combined. It is placed in the middle of ... Читать далее...
  24. Перевод слова congressCongress — конгресс Перевод слова The World Peace Congress — Всемирный конгресс сторонников мира medical congress — съезд врачей an annual congress — ежегодный съезд Congress authorized the project. Конгресс одобрил проект. Congress has the power to declare war. Конгресс имеет право объявлять войну. Congress is expected to pass the bill. Ожидается, что конгресс утвердит ... Читать далее...
  25. The US Congress — Конгресс СШАThe Congress of the United States is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states. Each state is guarantied at least one representative in the House. The remainder are apportioned among the states according to their population. The Senate of US is composed of one hundred members ... Читать далее...
  26. Значение идиомы set aside[set aside] {v.} 1. To separate from the others in a group orcollection. She set aside the things in the old trunk which shewanted to keep. 2. To select or choose from others for some purpose. The governor set aside a day for thanksgiving. 3. To pay noattention to ; leave out. The complaint was ... Читать далее...
  27. American Institutions: the Presidency — Американские институты власти: президентствоThe President (any natural-born citizen over 34) is elected for a term of four years and can only be re-elected for one more term (22nd amendment — adopted after Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four successive terms). The President was originally intended to be little more than a ceremonial Head of State, as well as Commander in ... Читать далее...
  28. Germany court orders measles sceptic to pay 100,000 eurosThe court case comes after Germany suffered its worst measles outbreak in years A German biologist who offered €100,000 (£71,350; $106,300) to anyone who could prove that measles is a virus has been ordered by a court to pay up. Stefan Lanka, who believes the illness is psychosomatic, made the pledge four years ago on ... Читать далее...
  29. The United States of America — Соединенные Штаты Америки (2)After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. The United States of America lies in the central part of North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. ... Читать далее...
  30. Перевод слова appealAppeal — призыв, обращение, воззвание Перевод слова To support an appeal — поддерживать обращение to appeal a decision — обжаловать решение mute look of appeal — безмолвный умоляющий взгляд to make an appeal — выступить с обращением I Appeal to you to let me alone. Я умоляю тебя оставить меня в покое. Movies had a ... Читать далее...
  31. Перевод слова districtDistrict — район, область, округ Перевод слова Police district — полицейский участок federal district — федеральный округ mountainous district — гористая местность This bus line serves a large District. Эта автобусная линия обслуживает большой район. A District was built up with new blocks of flats. Район был застроен новыми домами. The District affords minerals. В ... Читать далее...
  32. Значение идиомы swear in[swear in] or [swear into] {v.} To have a person swear or promiseto do his duty as a member or an officer of an organization, government department, or similar group. — «Swear into» is used whenthe name of the group is given. Mary and Ann will be sworn into theclub tonight. Fred was sworn in ... Читать далее...
  33. Congress of the USA – Конгресс СШАThe legislative branch of national government consists of two houses — the Senate and the House of Representatives — each with a different role, different powers, and a different electoral procedure. The House of Representatives is the institution of the federal government. The states are divided into congressional districts or constituencies of roughly equal size ... Читать далее...
  34. The first Jewish woman President is electedThe first Jewish woman President is elected. She calls her Mother: «Mama, I’ve won the elections, you’ve got to come to the swearing-in ceremony.» «I don’t know, what would I wear?» «Don’t worry, I’ll send you a dressmaker» «But I only eat kosher food» «Mama, I am going to be the president, I can get ... Читать далее...
  35. The Constitution — КонституцияThe American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The respective government institutions — the Presidency, Congress, and the Courts — were given limited and specific powers; and a series of checks, whereby each branch of government has certain authority over the others to make ... Читать далее...
  36. American Institutions: the Constitution — Американские институты власти: КонституцияThe American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judiciary. T he respective government institutions — the Presidency, Congress, and the Courts — were given limited and specific powers; and a series of checks, whereby each branch of government has certain authority over the others to ... Читать далее...
  37. Cities of the USAAmong large and famous American cities there are Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York. Washington is the capital of the USA. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. D. Washington chose the place. The city was founded in 1791 and named after the first president. Now ... Читать далее...
  38. Значение идиомы opposite number[opposite number] {n. phr.} A person occupying the same position assomeone in a different group, organization, or country. Theopposite number of the President of the United States in Germany isthe Chancellor of the Federal Republic....
  39. Microsoft Addresses Justice Department AccusationsREDMOND, Wash. — Oct. 23, 1997 — In direct response to accusations made by the Department of Justice, the Microsoft Corp. announced today that it will be acquiring the federal government of the United States of America for an undisclosed sum. «It’s actually a logical extension of our planned growth», said Microsoft chairman Bill Gates, ... Читать далее...
  40. Washington — Вашингтон (3)Washington sprang out of a marshy wilderness. It’s named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. Washington is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is outside the jurisdiction of any state and subjects only to the control of the Federal Congress. Washington is the ... Читать далее...

The Federal Judiciary — Федеральное судоустройство