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The Federal Judiciary – Федеральное судоустройство

In the federal system there are 90 District Courts presided over by a district judge, which hear criminal cases involving breaches of federal law and civil cases on federal matters (disputes between states, non-payment of federal taxes, etc).

Appeals can be made to the United States Court of Appeals, where an appeal is heard by three judges, ah though in very important cases all nine appeal judges sit together.

In the vast majority of cases this court’s decision is final and sets a precedent for future cases, although this precedent is not always binding on the Supreme Court.

Although not explicitly given the power of judicial review – the power to decide whether the actions of the President, Congress or state governments violate the Constitution – this is the important role that the Supreme Court has developed in the legal system.

The Supreme Court judges, of whom there are normally nine (though Congress may alter this number) are nominated

for life by the President after being approved by the Senate.

Федеральное судоустройство

В федеральной системе существует 90 окружных судов, контроль над которыми осуществляет окружной судья, которые рассматривают уголовные дела, связанные с нарушениями федерального закона и гражданских дел по федеральным делам (споры между штатами, неуплатой федеральных налогов и т. д.)

Апелляции могут быть поданы в апелляционный суд Соединенных Штатов, где апелляцию разбирают трое судей, хотя в очень важных случаях все девять апелляционных судей собираются вместе.

В огромном большинстве случаев решение этого суда является заключительным и устанавливает прецедент для будущих случаев, хотя этот прецедент не всегда скрепляется

Верховным Судом.

Хотя и не явно данная власть юридического надзора – решать, не нарушают ли действия президента, Конгресса или правительств штата Конституцию – это важная роль, которую Верховный Суд разработал в юридической системе.

Судьи Верховного Суда, которых обычно девять (хотя конгресс может изменить это число) назначаются пожизненно президентом, будучи одобренными Сенатом.


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The Federal Judiciary – Федеральное судоустройство
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