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Space Exploration

Топик Космос повествует о давнем стремлении человечества: преодолеть гравитацию и достичь других планет. Вы узнаете, когда была открыта “космическая” эра, кто стал первым космонавтом, облетевшем по орбите Земли, о первой женщине-космонавте, о первом космонавте, ступившим на поверхность Луны. На какие планеты уже совершены космические полеты и как осуществляется программа совместного пребывания российских и американских космонавтов на борту космических станций.

Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream

was to become reality.

On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era. In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards the Venus and Mars.

These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first female cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first “space walk” in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on board went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon. The Soviet “Lunokhod”, automatic orbital stations “Soyuz” and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.

Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.


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  1. Space Exploration – Исследование космоса (2) Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality. On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man […]...
  2. Russian space science Топик Российская космическая наука познакомит вас с самыми знаменательными историческими вехами весьма длительного и успешного процесса освоения космического пространства учеными и космонавтами СССР и России. Сейчас Россия занимает ведущее место среди стран, также стремящихся внести свою лепту в космическую науку. Наша страна произвела запуск более 2300 космических транспортных средств, выполняющих различные функции. В отряде космонавтов […]...
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  4. Will We Live In Space? В топике Будем ли мы жить в космосе? рассказывается история освоения космоса, начиная с запуска СССР на орбиту первого искусственного спутника 4 октября 1957 года. Ученые считают, что в 21-ом веке станет возможным строительство первого настоящего города на Луне, а затем наступит очередь Марса. People have dreamed of travelling in space for thousands of years. […]...
  5. Космос/ Space На английском языке Перевод на русский язык Space Космос People have always dreamt of travelling in space and reaching other planets. At the beginning of the 20th century a famous Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky said that mankind will not live on planet Earth forever. His predictions came true half a century later, when the first artificial […]...
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  7. Первая женщина в космосе/ First Woman In Space На английском языке Перевод на русский язык First Woman In Space Первая женщина в космосе On June 16, 1963 Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to travel into space. She spent 71 hours there. Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was born to a family of peasants in Maslennikovo, Russia, in 1937. When she was 18 […]...
  8. Первый полет в космос/ First Trip Into Space На английском языке Перевод на русский язык First Trip Into Space Первый полет в космос For me trip to space is something unbelievable. I can’t even imagine how much courage it takes to do this, and it is beyond my understanding how brave the person must be to do this for the first time on […]...
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  10. Диалог на английском языке с переводом “Космос (Space)” По-английски Перевод на русский Rachel: Phil, look. This TV program is about your favourite topic. Рэйчел: Фил, смотри. Эта телевизионная программа про твою любимую тему. Phil: You mean about space exploration? Фил: Ты имеешь в виду космические исследования? Rachel: Exactly. They’ve just told that one orbiter has reached the Jupiter. Рэйчел: Именно. Они только что […]...
  11. Перевод слова orbit Orbit – орбита, сфера деятельности Перевод слова A definitive orbit of the comet – определенная орбита кометы to orbit the Earth – выйти на орбиту inclined orbit – наклоненная орбита their orbits do not touch – сферы их деятельности не пересекаются The satellite Orbited the Earth several times. Спутник несколько раз обогнул Землю по орбите. […]...
  12. Gravity Discovery of gravity Ancient astronomers observed the movements of the moon and the planets across the sky very carefully. In the 17th century the English scientist and mathematician Isaac Newton wondered why the moon and the planets didn’t simply fly off into outer space but always moved in a curve around the Earth and the […]...
  13. Значение идиомы space probe [space probe] {n.}, {Space English} An unmanned spacecraft otherthan an Earth satellite fitted with instruments which gather andtransmit information about other planets in the solar system on what are called fly-by missions, i. e.,without the craft landing on any of these bodies. Both the U. S. A. and Russia have sent up many a space […]...
  14. Значение идиомы lunar module [lunar module ] or [Lem] {n.}, {Space English} That portionof the rocket assemblage on a flight to the Moon in which theastronauts descend to the Moon’s surface. Building the L. M. was oneof the most expensive parts of the American space program....
  15. Moon Топик Луна познакомит вас с естественным спутником Земли. Луна вращается по орбите вокруг Земли с периодом 27,3 суток, поэтому мы видим всегда только одну ее сторону. Гравитация Земли удерживает Луну на орбите, а гравитация Луны создает морские приливы и отливы на Земле. Атмосфера на Луне практически отсутствует, что приводит к высокому перепаду температур на поверхности […]...
  16. Yury Gagarin Топик Юрий Гагарин рассказывает о первом человеке, совершим полет в космос. Ракета “Восток” была далека от идеала, и Генеральный конструктор Королев знал, что она полетит, но вот что вернется на Землю – 100% гарантии не было. 12 апреля 1961 года старший лейтенант Юрий Гагарин поднялся на борт ракетоносителя Восток-1, пристегнулся, провел предстартовую проверку и сказал […]...
  17. THE HUMAN BRAIN IN SPACE: EUPHORIA AND THE “OVERVIEW EFFECT” EXPERIENCED BY ASTRONAUTS Could be the best example yet of being “spaced out”? When in space, astronauts have repeatedly reported inexplicable euphoria, a “cosmic connection” or an increased sensitivity to their place in the Universe. The experience sounds like the ultimate high, or the ultimate enlightening; it would appear that without trying, astronauts are able to attain a […]...
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  19. Перевод слова space Space – пространство, интервал; космос Перевод слова A space of ten feet – расстояние в 10 футов parking space for 500 cars – место для стоянки пятисот автомобилей to domesticate space – осваивать космос There’s not much empty Space. Там не так много свободного места. Space exploitation is now a fact. Исследования космического пространства стали […]...
  20. Venus Топик Планета Венера подробно расскажет об этом удивительном объекте Солнечной Системы, второй планете от Солнца. Вы узнаете об удивительных отличительных особенностях этой планеты, а кроме всего прочего, Венера – самая яркая планета, после Солнца и Луны. The second planet from the sun bakes under twice as much solar radiation as Earth and reaches temperatures of […]...
  21. Space shuttle mission to the Moon There’s a Space Shuttle mission to the moon with 2 monkeys and a woman on board. The headquarters in the US calls: “Monkey #1, Monkey #1 report to coms for instructions.” He sits down and he is told to release the pressure in compartment 1, increase the temperature in engine 4 and to release oxygen […]...
  22. Murphy’s Travel Laws Murphy Laws For Frequent Flyers No flight ever leaves on time unless you are running late and need the delay to make the flight. If you are running late for a flight, it will depart from the farthest gate within the terminal. If you arrive very early for a flight, it inevitably will be delayed. […]...
  23. Перевод слова automatic Automatic – автоматический Перевод слова Automatic machine – автомат an automatic response – непроизвольная реакция automatic camera – автоматический фотоаппарат She set the camera on Automatic. Она установила камеру на автоматический режим. I had never handled an Automatic shift gear. Я никогда не имел дела с автоматической коробкой передач....
  24. Перевод слова space-ship Space-ship – космический корабль Перевод слова Reusable spaceship – многоразовый космический корабль supply spaceship – транспортный космический корабль launch a spaceship – запустить космический корабль The Spaceship orbited successfully. Корабль успешно вышел на орбиту. The Spaceship blazed out into space. Космический корабль сверкал/сиял в космическом пространстве. What time does the Spaceship lift off? Когда старт […]...
  25. Перевод сленгового выражения space cadet, значение и пример использования Сленговое выражение: space cadet Перевод: кто-либо, кто обычно ничего не знает, или не обращает ни на что внимания, или не рассуждает рационально Пример: Suzie is a real space cadet – I don’t think she even knows what day it is. Сьюзи постоянно витает в облаках, мне кажется, она даже не знает, какой сегодня день....
  26. Значение идиомы launch window [launch window] {n.}, {Space English}, {informal} 1. A period oftime when the line-up of planets, Sun, and Moon are such as to makefavorable conditions for a specific space launch. The mission wascanceled until the next launch window which will be exactly six weeksfrom today. 2. A favorable time for starting some kind of ambitiousadventure. My […]...
  27. Finding a Parking Space Alan: We have to find a Parking space. Let’s drive around the Block one more time. Did you say that the restaurant we’re going to has no Off-street parking at all? Sasha: None. When I called the restaurant earlier today, I was told they have Ample street parking. Alan: Obviously not on a Saturday night. […]...
  28. Yury Gagarin – Юрий Гагарин Yury Gagarin On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin made history by being the first human to orbit the earth. As a precaution, engineers at the Soviet Academy of Sciences had an onboard computer, as well as mission control steer the craft, “Vostok 1”. They did this because the feared that being in the weightlessness of […]...
  29. Pyotr Kapitsa P. Kapitsa, an outstanding Soviet physicist, was born in Kronstadt in the family of a general in 1894. He graduated from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute in 1919. Kapitsa took a great interest in physics while still at the institute. In 1921 Kapitsa was sent to England on Lenin’s instructions to renew scientific contacts. He worked […]...
  30. The 21st Century Indiana Jones is a Woman Crowdsourcing Space Archaeology Egyptian Pyramids captured by DubaiSat-1 of EIAST, Dubai. Sarah Parcak’s innovative work in space archaeology has earned her the nickname “the Indiana Jones of the 21st century.” When she appeared-wearing Indian Jones’ iconic hat-on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in January, the host referred to her as a “space archaeologist wizard genius.” In November […]...
  31. Reasons for the Mir Accident After intensive investigation on both the Soviet and US parts, spokespersons from both space agencies have determined the cause for the accident which has placed the station and its resident personnel in jeopardy. In terse statements at a recent press conference, Soviet and US space agency spokespersons said Thursday We have concluded joint investigations concerning […]...
  32. Перевод слова mankind Mankind – человечество Перевод слова Stock of all mankind – прародитель рода человеческого doctrine of the “rights of mankind” – доктрина “прав человека” enemy of mankind – враг рода человеческого; сатана Since earliest times, Mankind has been fascinated by fire. С древнейших времен человечество было очаровано огнем. Language is the greatest educator of Mankind. Язык […]...
  33. Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, was born in Scotland in 1881 at a farm. He began to go to school when he was five. In 1895 he went to London and decided to dedicate his life to medicine. At first Fleming wanted to become a surgeon but soon he got interested in bacteriology and […]...
  34. Значение идиомы go into orbit [go into orbit] {v. phr.}, {slang} 1. To become very happy orsuccessful. Our team has gone into orbit. Compare: FLY HIGH. 2. Tolose one’s temper or control completely; become very angry. Johnwas afraid his father would go into orbit when he found out about thecar accident. Compare: HIT THE CEILING....
  35. Is It Science that Does Us Good or Does it Bring Disaster? В топике Достижения науки – нам во благо или во вред? рассматриваются достижения науки и техники, их влияние на окружающую среду, с одной стороны и улучшение условий жизни человека, с другой стороны. Все-таки, наука сделала очень много для прогресса, и мы уже не можем представить нашу жизнь без привычных удобств, и в этом – большая […]...
  36. Значение идиомы old hat [old hat] {adj.}, {informal} Old-fashioned; not new or different. By now, putting satellites in orbit is old hat to space scientists. Andrea thought her mother’s ideas about dating were old hat....
  37. Значение идиомы ask for the moon [ask for the moon] or [cry for the moon] {v. phr.} To want something that you cannot reach or have; try for the impossible. John asked his mother for a hundred dollars today. He’s always asking for the moon. Compare: PROMISE THE MOON....
  38. Getting In-Flight Service I pushed the Call button to get the attention of the Flight attendant. Flight attendant: Yes? What can I do for you? Hal: It’s very cold in the Cabin. Is it possible to get a Blanket? Flight attendant: We’re out of blankets, but here’s a Pillow. Hal: Okay, thanks. I was asleep during the Meal […]...
  39. Перевод слова board Board – доска, планка; правление, департамент Перевод слова Cutting board – доска для резки хлеба to size the board – проклеивать картон bed of boards – нары board of directors – правление; совет директоров He drove a nail into the Board. Он забил гвоздь в доску. Write the answers on the Board. Ответы запишите на […]...
  40. Booking Space for Business Events Roberto: All right, we have to find Meeting rooms and a Banquet hall for the annual sales meeting and Luncheon. Do you have any ideas? Nicole: We could Hold it at a hotel as we’ve done in past years or we can try the Convention center. Roberto: The company has grown so much in the […]...
Space Exploration
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