Английские сокращения. Сокращения в английском языке
Сокращения в английском языке
В таблице ниже приведены сокращения в английском языке и примеры их использования.
Несокращенная форма | Сокращенная форма | Пример |
I am | I’m | I’m already here. |
I have | I’ve | I’ve seen that movie several times. |
I will | I’ll | I’ll deal with this. |
I had / I would | I’d | I’d Я сделал это к тому времени, когда ты пришел. I promised you I’d do it. Я пообещал тебе, что сделаю это. |
You are | You’re | You’re one of the best students in this class. |
You have | You’ve | You’ve been such a good friend to me. |
You will | You’ll | You’ll see him soon enough. |
You had / you would | You’d | You passed the test because you’d prepared for it. |
He is / he has | He’s | He’s a very talented actor. He’s never lied to us. Он никогда нам не лгал. |
He will | He’ll | He’ll show up, he is just running a little late. |
He had / he would | He’d | He’d helped me a lot to finish the work by your arrival. |
She is / she has | She’s | She’s standing by the window. |
She will | She’ll | She’ll come over to our house tonight. |
She had / she would | She’d | She’d called me before she came. |
It is / it has | It’s | It’s hot today. |
We are | We’re | We’re coming, we’re almost there. |
We have | We’ve | We’ve tried to get a hold of you, but failed. |
We will | We’ll | We’ll watch over the kids. |
We had / we would | We’d | We’d traveled from Germany to Spain. |
They are | They’re | We’re going to talk about it next time. |
They have | They’ve | I hear that they’ve been told everything. |
They will | They’ll | I hope they’ll be on time. |
They had / they would | They’d | They’d done their work long before I started doing mine. |
There is / there has | There’s | There’s little time left. |
There will | There’ll | They say there’ll be a new school in our district. |
There had / there would | There’d | There’d been many people here before. |
Are not | Aren’t | They aren’t here yet. |
Cannot | Can’t | I can’t do it because I am very busy. |
Could not | Couldn’t | Why couldn’t you come in time? |
Dare not | Daren’t | I daren’t say it. |
Did not | Didn’t | Helen says she didn’t know anything about it. |
Does not | Doesn’t | He doesn’t like this book. |
Do not | Don’t | Whatever you do, just don’t touch my antique statuettes. |
Had not | Hadn’t | We hadn’t seen such a beatiful place before we went there. |
Has not | Hasn’t | Sam hasn’t read that magazine yet, give it to him. |
Have not | Haven’t | I haven’t finished working yet, give me some more time. |
Is not | Isn’t | I don’t know why he isn’t there. |
Might not | Mightn’t | You should call him first, he mightn’t be home yet. |
Must not | Mustn’t | You mustn’t work so hard, have a little rest. |
Need not | Needn’t | The teacher has said that we needn’t do this exercise. |
Ought not | Oughtn’t | Tell him that he oughtn’t to speak with his parents like that. |
Shall not | Shan’t | Don’t come tomorrow, I shan’t be able to help you. |
Should not | Shouldn’t | We shouldn’t hurry, the work should be done very carefully. |
Was not | Wasn’t | I wasn’t ready to go when you called me. |
Were not | Weren’t | They weren’t going to come. |
Will not | Won’t | We won’t let you down. |
Would not | Wouldn’t | If I were you I wouldn’t underestimate him. |
Примечания:
1. В разговорном английском существует нестандартная форма Ain’t, которая может являться сокращением форм Am not, are not, is not, have not или Has not :
He ain’t going to come. = He is not going to come.
Он не придет.
Don’t talk to me like that – you ain’t my master. = You are not my master.
Не разговаривай со мной так, ты мне не хозяин.
I ain’t got anything to read. = I have not got anything to read.
Мне нечего читать.
2. Сокращения Daren’t и Shan’t очень редко используются в американском английском.
3. Сокращением от Am not является форма Aren’t :
I am late, aren’t I?
Я ведь опоздал?
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