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Alexander Bell

Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847 in a family interested in the problems of speech. Both his father and his grandfather had studied the mechanics of a sound. Bell’s father had been one of the pioneer teachers of speech to the deaf. He was a world-famous inventor of «Visible Speech», which helped deaf people to pronounce words they could not hear. Between 1868 and 1870 Alexander worked with his father and studied speech and taught deaf children in Edinburgh. In 1870 he moved to Canada and the next year he went to the USA. In 1866 the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph, and it was then that there came to his mind the idea of the «harmonic telegraph», which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. In 1873 he was appointed a professor at Boston University. He became interested in the mechanical production of a sound, basing his work on the theories of Helmholtz. It seemed to Bell that it was possible to convert the sound wave vibrations into a fluctuating electric current. Then the current, in its turn, can be converted into sound waves identical with the original at the end of the circuit. In this way, sound could be carried across wires at the speed of light. It was through his famous experiments that in 1876 he was able to develop the telephone, which enables people to talk to each other over long distances. One day, while working with an instrument designed to carry sound, Bell automatically cried to his assistant, «Watson, please, come here.» Watson, at the other end of the circuit on the other floor, heard the instrument speak and ran downstairs with joy. It was the first telephone communication. In 1915 the first transcontinental telephone was opened. Bell died on August 2, 1922.



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  1. American Scientists — Американские ученыеAlexander Bell — Александр Белл Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847 in a family interested in the problems of speech. Both his father and his grandfather had studied the mechanics of a sound. Bell’s father had been one of the teachers pioneer of speech to the deaf. He was a world-famous inventor ... Читать далее...
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  3. Перевод слова bellBell — колокол, колокольчик Перевод слова Tom bell — большой колокол death bell — похоронный звон dinner bell — звонок к обеду The Bell called to dinner. Позвонили к обеду. The great Bell fetches us in. Звон колокола приглашает нас войти. The big Bell bonged. Огромный колокол издал протяжный низкий звук. Примеры из жизни Jingle ... Читать далее...
  4. Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, was born in Scotland in 1881 at a farm. He began to go to school when he was five. In 1895 he went to London and decided to dedicate his life to medicine. At first Fleming wanted to become a surgeon but soon he got interested in bacteriology and ... Читать далее...
  5. Значение идиомы ring a bell[ring a bell] {v. phr.} To make you remember something; soundfamiliar. Not even the cat’s meowing seemed to ring a bell withJudy. She still forgot to feed him. When Ann told Jim the name ofthe new teacher it rang a bell, and Jim said, «I went to school with aJames Carson.»...
  6. Перевод идиомы ring a bell, значение выражения и пример использованияИдиома: ring a bell Перевод: напоминать кому-либо о чем-либо, быть знакомым кому-либо Пример: The name does not ring a bell and I am sure that I have never heard of the man. Эта имя мне ни о чем не говорит и я уверен, что я никогда не слышал об этом человеке....
  7. Биография Александра Пушкина/ The Biography of Alexander PushkinНа английском языке Перевод на русский язык The Biography of Alexander Pushkin Биография Александра Пушкина Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is considered to be one of the greatest Russian poets of all times. He was a famous writer of Romantic era. Pushkin was born in 1799 and has lived a short but bright life. Many people regard ... Читать далее...
  8. Перевод слова circuitCircuit — окружность, объезд, округ; цепь, контур Перевод слова The Moon’s circuit of the Earth — обращение Луны вокруг Земли circuit of the globe — окружность земного шара circuit court — выездная сессия окружного суда circuit of action — район действия short circuit — короткое замыкание We did a Circuit of the old city. Мы ... Читать далее...
  9. Перевод слова deafDeaf — глухой; бесплодный, пустой Перевод слова He is a little deaf — он плохо слышит deaf to advice — глух к советам deaf seed — погибшее зерно He has been Deaf since birth. Он был глухой с рождения. They were Deaf to all our pleas. Они были глухи к нашим мольбам. He is Deaf ... Читать далее...
  10. Царь-колокол/ Tsar BellНа английском языке Перевод на русский язык Tsar Bell Царь-колокол When tourists plan to visit the Russian capital, first of all, they explore the map of sights. There are undoubtedly many attractions in Moscow and one of them is Tsar Bell, which is based in the area of Kremlin. It was created in 1735 after ... Читать далее...
  11. Sad revelationsA father asked his 10 year old son if he knew about the birds and the bees. «I don’t want to know!» the child said, bursting into tears. «Promise me you won’t tell me.» Confused, the father asked what was wrong. «Oh dad,» the boy sobbed, «when I was 6 I got the there’s no ... Читать далее...
  12. Диалог на английском языке с переводом «Does it ring a bell»Shirley Шерли Guess who I met at the grocery store. Догадайся, кого я встретила в продуктовом. Leonard Леонард I can’t imagine. Не представляю. Shirley Шерли Do you remember Mr. Johnson from our old neighborhood? Помнишь мистера Джонсона? Он был нашим соседом, пока мы не переехали. Leonard Леонард That name Rings a bell, but I can’t ... Читать далее...
  13. Taking Up a New HobbyEric: Who were you talking to on the phone? Melissa: My mother. I was Commiserating with her about Dad’s Retirement. Eric: Your father retired two months ago. That was a good thing, right? Melissa: Well, it’s good that he doesn’t have to work anymore, but he’s Driving my mother up the wall. He Putters around ... Читать далее...
  14. Scotland: The Land Of LegendsТопик Шотландия — страна легенд — рассказывает о прекрасной стране с разнообразным и красивым ландшафтом, красивейшими озерами и средневековыми замками. Самая распространенная и популярная современная легенда этой страны – легенда о Лох-Несском чудовище, но пока ученые не смогли опровергнуть или подтвердить существование этого монстра. Сейчас в Шотландии существует около 300 различных кланов, и представители разных ... Читать далее...
  15. Перевод слова instrumentInstrument — инструмент, прибор, орудие Перевод слова Precision instruments — точные приборы instrument panel — пульт управления an instrument of fate — орудие судьбы to play an instrument — играть на музыкальном инструменте Did you use to sing or play an Instrument? Ты раньше пел или играл? The Church is the Instrument of man’s salvation. ... Читать далее...
  16. ScotlandScotland is one of the four parts of the GB. Scotland’s area is more than half as big as England’s. The main cities of the country are its capital Edinburgh and the main industrial center Glasgow. Scottish towns look very different from English towns. Some words about Edinburgh. Edinburgh, capital of Scotland, is one of ... Читать далее...
  17. Bell Labs Proves Existence of Dark SuckersFor years it has been believed that electric bulbs emitted light. However, recent information from Bell Labs has proven otherwise. Electric bulbs don’t emit light, they suck dark. Thus they now call these bulbs dark suckers. The dark sucker theory, according to a Bell Labs spokesperson, proves the existence of dark, that dark has mass ... Читать далее...
  18. Перевод слова telegraphTelegraph — телеграф Перевод слова Telegraph modem — телеграфный модем telegraph tape — телеграфная лента telegraph channel — телеграфный канал They Telegraphed the information to us. Они сообщили нам информацию телеграммой. They Telegraphed us to leave immediately. Они сообщили нам телеграммой, чтобы мы немедленно выезжали. They Telegraphed us where we should meet. Они телеграфировали нам ... Читать далее...
  19. TromboneQ: How do you make a trombone sound like a french horn? A: Stick your hand in the bell and play lots of wrong notes. Q: How do you make a french horn sound like a trombone? A: Take your hand out of the bell and lose all sense of taste. Q: How do you ... Читать далее...
  20. HOT STEAMNew secretary (second day on the job) answers telephone as is told in official tones: «This is the phone company. We are testing a new circuit wiring scheme in your offices. Please keep everyone off the phones for the next 10 minutes. We will be verifying the correct wiring of your system by passing HOT ... Читать далее...
  21. Famous russian generals — Известные русские генералыAll Russian people know these names, Alexander Suvorov and Michael Kutuzov. They are two famous generals. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov was born in 1729. He was a noble, honest man, devoted to his country and his people. Suvorov took part in many wars. He had a lot of victories because he knew army life very well. ... Читать далее...
  22. Перевод слова currentCurrent — струя, поток; текущий, современный; электрический ток Перевод слова Current events — текущие события current situation — современное положение to breast the current — идти против течения to carry current — проводить ток My Current status is unemployed. В настоящий момент я безработный. Who is your Current employer? Кто ваш нынешний работодатель? To our ... Читать далее...
  23. Значение идиомы turn a deaf ear to[turn a deaf ear to] {v. phr.} To pretend not to hear; refuse tohear; not pay attention. Mary turned a deaf ear to Lois’s asking toride her bicycle. The teacher turned a deaf ear to Bob’s excuse. Compare: COLD SHOULDER....
  24. WestminsterThe political centre of London is Westminster. It is the part of London where there are a lot of offices. If you go down Whitehall from Trafalgar Square on the right you will see a small street where the British Prime Minister lives. He lives at number 10, Downing Street. Whitehall is a wide street ... Читать далее...
  25. Cities and Towns of Great BritainGreat Britain is a highly developed industrial country, and most of the people live in large cities. Naturally, the capital comes first among the biggest industrial cities of the country. Lots of things such as clothes, food, planes and cars are made in London. Birmingham is the biggest town in the centre of England. Machines, ... Читать далее...
  26. Waiting for Drug ApprovalFlorence: A package came for you. I think it’s from overseas. Alexander: Oh, those are my Drugs. Florence: You’re buying your Medication from overseas? Alexander: I have no choice. This drug isn’t FDA-approved yet. Florence: Isn’t it dangerous to take a drug that isn’t approved? Alexander: Not if it’s been approved in other countries. This ... Читать далее...
  27. Beethoven — БетховенLudwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. He studied in Vienna under Mozart and Hayden. In Vienna he first made his reputation as a pianist and teacher, and he became famous quickly. At this time he composed many of his most popular works such as the Fifth symphony, the Emperor Concerto, the Eroica and ... Читать далее...
  28. Great InventionsТопик Великие изобретения рассказывает о самых важных изобретениях, кардинально повлиявших на уровень жизни человека. Великие ученые и изобретатели подарили нам столь привычные сейчас вещи: телевидение, автомобиль, электричество, фотографию, телефон, компьютер и самолет. И это только «главные вехи», оказавшие влияние на все стороны нашей жизни. Благодаря упомянутым в топике ученым (а их имена нужно запомнить), мы ... Читать далее...
  29. Перевод слова telephoneTelephone — телефон Перевод слова Telephone bill — счет за пользование телефоном outdoor telephone booth — уличная телефонная будка telephone cable — телефонный кабель She spoke to him by Telephone. Она поговорила с ним по телефону. He has Telephoned the news. Он сообщил новости по телефону. You never write or Telephone. Ты никогда не пишешь ... Читать далее...
  30. Значение идиомы think over[think over] {v.} To think carefully about; consider; study. When Charles asked Betty to marry him, she asked him for time tothink it over. Think over what we studied in history this year andwrite a lesson on the thing that interested you most. Compare: MAKEUP ONE’S MIND, SEE ABOUT....
  31. Значение идиомы get through to[get through to] {v.} To be understood by; make understand. The little boy could not get through to hishousemother. Deaf people sometimes find it hard to get through tostrangers. When the rich boy’s father lost his money, it took along time for the idea to get through to him that he’d have to workand support ... Читать далее...
  32. Scotland (2)Scotland is a country in the United Kingdom to the north of England. Its symbol is a thistle; its patron is St. Andrew. The country is divided into Highlands and Lowlands. Most of the industry is concentrated in Lowlands, in the Clyde Valley. Glasgow is its largest and busiest town; Edinburgh is its capital. Glasgow ... Читать далее...
  33. Sergey KorolevSergey Pavlovich Korolev was the Founder of Practical Cosmonautics. Academician Korolev is a famous scientist and a founder of practical cosmonautics. He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships. Korolev was born in 1906 in the small Ukrainian town of Zhitomir into a family of teachers. He spent his childhood with ... Читать далее...
  34. Перевод слова soundSound — звук, звучать; здоровый, крепкий Перевод слова The sound of voices — шум голосов the trumpets sounded — раздались звуки труб man of sound constitution — человек крепкого сложения his heart is not sound — у него плохое сердце We came back safe and Sound. Мы вернулись целыми и невредимыми. The Sound of a ... Читать далее...
  35. Galsworthy John — Джон ГолсуорсиPopular American writer John Galsworthy was born in 1853. He attended a prestigeous school because his father wanted John to be a lawyer. Thus, John entered the Oxford University. But some time later be told his father about his wish to become a writer. His literally career began at the age of seventeen when he ... Читать далее...
  36. The Price of FameТопик Цена славы – это рассуждения автора на тему «А легко ли быть знаменитым?» Судя по топику – нелегко, да и слава – тяжелая ноша. Чтобы прославиться, надо много и упорно трудиться, иногда, жертвуя своей личной жизнью. Приводится пример недолгой жизни Принцессы Дианы, старавшейся помогать бедным, бездомным и больным людям. Своей добротой она заслужила настоящую ... Читать далее...
  37. Thomas Edison (2)Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He first went to school at the age of eight and a half. But after only three months his teacher called him «stupid» and he came home crying. From that time his mother taught him at home and he read science books by himself. He got a job sending ... Читать далее...
  38. MoscowMoscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic and cultural center. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history. Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the center of the struggle of ... Читать далее...
  39. Топик «Новый год в Великобритании» (New Year in Great Britain)Словарь: Piccadilly Circus — цирк Пикадилли The linked-arm — держась за руки Long-awaited — долгожданный Truly — искренне All night through — всю ночь Different ways — разными способами Trafalgar Square — Трафальгарская площадь New Year in United Kingdom is celebrated on January 1. This day was officially declared as New Year’s Day in 1752. ... Читать далее...
  40. Перевод слова speechSpeech — речь, выступление Перевод слова A carefully crafted speech — тщательно подготовленная речь speech defect — дефект речи speech-impaired — с нарушениями речи I lost my power of Speech. Я потерял дар речи. His Speech was gappy. Он не выговаривал некоторые звуки. He spiked the Speech with humour. Он оживил свою речь шутками. Интересные ... Читать далее...

Alexander Bell