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South Africa – Южная Африка

I am going to tell you about South Africa, one of the English speaking countries.

Southerly Africa, officially Republic of South Africa, is situated at the southern tip of the continent of Africa. South Africa borders on Namibia to the north-west, Botswana and Zimbabwe to the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland to the north-east and east. Lesotho, an independent constitutional monarchy is located inside the Republic of South Africa.

After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers trekked north. The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments, but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902). As a result, Union of South Africa operated under a policy of apartheid – the separate development of the races. The 1990s brought an end to apartheid politically and ushered in black majority rule.

Total

territory of South Africa is 1,220,000 square kilometres. The climate is mostly semiarid, subtropical along east coast; it has sunny days, cool nights. The natural resources of South Africa are gold, chromium, coal, iron ore, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas.

The population of the country is about 44 million people.

As to the ethnic groups there are 76 % black people, 14 % white people. There are eleven official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, etc.

Government type is republic. The capital is Pretoria. Cape Town is the legislative centre and Bloemfontein the judicial centre. Administrative divisions are nine provinces.

South Africa became self-governing on May, 31, 1910. Before that, it was one of the numerous English colonies.

Legal system is based on the Roman-Dutch law and the English common law. The chief of state is President and Executive Deputy President. The president is both the chief of state and head of government.

Южная Африка

Я собираюсь рассказать вам о Южной Африке, одной из англоязычных стран.

Южная Африка, официально Южно-Африканская Республика, расположена на южной оконечности континента

Африка. Южная Африка граничит с Намибией на северо-западе, с Ботсваной и Зимбабве на севере и Мозамбиком и Свазилендом на северо-востоке и востоке. Лесото, независимая конституционная монархия, расположена внутри Южно-Африканской Республики.

После того как британцы захватили область мыса Доброй Надежды в 1806 году, многие из голландских поселенцев переселились на север. Открытие алмазов в 1867 году и золота в 1886 способствовало обогащению, иммиграции и усилению порабощения коренных жителей. Буры сопротивлялись британскому вторжению, но были побеждены в бурской войне (1899-1902). В результате, союз Южной Африки использовал политику апартеида – отдельное развитие рас. 1990-е годы положили конец политике апартеида и привели к правлению черного большинства.

Общая территория Южной Африки составляет 1220 000 кв. км. Климат главным образом полузасушливый, субтропический на восточном побережье. Днем солнечно, а ночью прохладно. Природные ресурсы Южной Африки представлены золотом, хромом, углем, железной рудой, никелем, фосфатами, оловом, ураном, ювелирными алмазами, платиной, медью, ванадием, солью, природным газом.

Население страны составляет приблизительно 44 миллиона человек.

Что касается этнических групп, то здесь присутствует 76 % чернокожих, 14 % белых. Имеются одиннадцать официальных языков, включая африкаанс, английский язык, ндебеле, педи, сото, свази и т, д.

Правительственным типом является республика. Столица – Претория. Кейптаун – законодательный центр и Блоэмфонтейн – судебный центр. Административное деление – 9 областей.

Южная Африка получила самоуправление 31 мая 1910 года. Перед этим она была одной из многочисленных английских колоний.

Юридическая система основана на римско-голландском и английском общем праве. Глава государства – президент и исполнительный представитель президента. Президент является как главой государства, так и главой правительства.

Questions:

1. Where is South Africa situated?
2. What countries does South Africa border on?
3. Why was the subjugation of the native inhabitants in tensified in 1867-1886?
4. What is apartheid?
5. When was apartheid brought to the end?
6. What is the climate of South Africa?
7. Are there any natural resources in South Africa?
8. How many people inhabit the country?
9. How many official languages are there in South Africa?
10. What can you tell about the government system of the country?

Vocabulary:
to be situated – находиться, располагаться
to border on/upon – граничить
to seize – завладевать, захватывать
the Cape of Good Hope – мыс Доброй Надежды
settler -: поселенец
to trek – переселяться
to spur – зд. способствовать
to intensify – усиливать(ся)
subjugation – подчинение” покорение
inhabitant – житель, обитатель
encroachment – агрессия, вторжение
to defeat – агрессия, вторжение
apartheid – апартеид, расовая изоляция
majority – большинство
semiarid – полузасушливый
chromium – хром
coal – уголь
iron ore – железная руда
tin – олово
gem diamonds – ювелирный алмаз
copper – медь
legislative – законодательный
judicial – судебный
division – деление, разделение
numerous – многочисленный
chief head – глава


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South Africa – Южная Африка
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