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Democracy in Great Britain – Демократия в Великобритании (1)

Great importance is attached in Britain to human rights. Respect for individual freedoms forms a cornerstone of Britain’s democratic system. British public opinion is concerned about violations of human rights throughout the world. The British Government regards the observation of human rights and their protection as an important element of its foreign policy.

These rights and freedoms are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. They include the right to: work; an adequate standard of living; social security; education; the highest attainable health care standards; form and join trade unions; participate in cultural life.

Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,

housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age.

The social security system aims to provide financial help to people who are elderly, sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed or bringing up children.

The system includes contributory national insurance benefits covering sickness, invalidity, unemployment, widowhood and retirement. There is also statutory sick pay and maternity pay paid for their employees by employers.

Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups.

The National Health Service (NHS) provides comprehensive health care to all residents. Treatment is based on medical priority regardless of patients’ income and is financed mainly out of general taxation.

Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Демократия в Великобритании (1)

В Великобритании очень серьезно относятся к правам человека. Внимание к личным свободам является краеугольным камнем британской демократической системы. Общественность Великобритании обеспокоена нарушением прав человека во всем мире. Британское правительство считает важным элементом внешней политики соблюдение и защиту прав человека.

Эти права и свободы перечислены во Всемирной Декларации прав человека, принятой Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН в 1948 году. Это право на труд, достаточный уровень жизни, социальное обеспечение, образование, высокий уровень здравоохранения, создание и участие в профсоюзах, участие в культурной жизни.

Каждый имеет право на труд, на свободный выбор работы, на справедливые и подходящие условия работы и на защиту от безработицы.

Каждый имеет право на уровень жизни, который необходим для обеспечения здоровья и благополучия своего и своей семьи, включая питание, одежду, жилищные условия и медицинскую помощь, а также право на помощь социальных служб в случае безработицы, болезни, неработоспособности, вдовства и пожилого возраста.

Целями системы социального обеспечения являются предоставление финансовой помощи пожилым людям, больным, неработоспособным, безработным, овдовевшим и тем, кто воспитывает детей.

Система включает выплату страховки в случае болезни, инвалидности, безработицы, вдовства и выхода на пенсию. Законом установлена оплата больничного и декретного отпуска работникам их работодателями.

Каждый имеет право на образование. Образование – начальное и среднее – должно быть бесплатным. Начальное образование является обязательным. Техническое и профессиональное обучение должно быть общедоступным, а высшее образование должно быть доступно всем, кто может учиться.

Образование должно способствовать развитию личности и соблюдению основных свобод и прав человека. Образование должно способствовать взаимопониманию, толерантности и дружбе между представителями разных национальностей, рас и религиозных групп.

Государственная служба здравоохранения обеспечивает услугами медицинских учреждений все население. Лечение проводится по медицинским показаниям независимо от дохода пациента и финансируется главным образом из налогов.

Каждый имеет право на создание профсоюзов и участия в них для защиты своих интересов.


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Democracy in Great Britain – Демократия в Великобритании (1)
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