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Comets – Кометы

Made of dust, ice, carbon dioxide, ammonia and methane, comets resemble dirty snowballs. You may remember them as blurry smudges in the sky. Comets orbit the Sun, but most are believed to inhabit in an area known as the Oort Cloud, far beyond the orbit of Pluto.

Occasionally a comet streaks through the inner solar system; some do so regularly, some only once every few centuries. Heads and tails As a comet nears the Sun, its icy core boils off, forming a cloud of dust and gas called a head, or coma. Comets become visible when sunlight reflects off this cloud. As the comet gets closer to the sun, more gas is produced. The gas and dust is pushed away by charged particles known as the solar wind, forming two tails.

Dust particles form a yellowish tail, and ionized gas makes a bluish ion tail. A comet`s tails, like these on comet Halley, always points away from the Sun. Meteor showers When Earth crosses the path of a comet, even if the comet hasn`t been around for a few years, leftover dust and ice can create increased numbers of meteors.


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  1. Comets Made of dust, ice, carbon dioxide, ammonia and methane, comets resemble dirty snowballs. You may remember them as blurry smudges in the sky. Comets orbit the Sun, but most are believed to inhabit in an area known as the Oort Cloud, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Occasionally a comet streaks through the inner solar […]...
  2. Перевод слова solar Solar – солнечный Перевод слова Solar prominence – солнечный протуберанец solar atmosphere – солнечная атмосфера solar myths – мифы о солнце solar cell – солнечный элемент solar-heat collector – солнечный нагреватель solar corona – солнечная корона, венец Солнца The whole Solar system is but a mere speck in the universe. Солнечная система не более чем […]...
  3. Перевод слова orbit Orbit – орбита, сфера деятельности Перевод слова A definitive orbit of the comet – определенная орбита кометы to orbit the Earth – выйти на орбиту inclined orbit – наклоненная орбита their orbits do not touch – сферы их деятельности не пересекаются The satellite Orbited the Earth several times. Спутник несколько раз обогнул Землю по орбите. […]...
  4. Значение идиомы make neither head nor tail of [make neither head nor tail of] {v. phr.} To be unable to figuresomething out. This puzzle is so complicated that I can makeneither head nor tail of it. Compare: HEADS OR TAILS....
  5. Venus Топик Планета Венера подробно расскажет об этом удивительном объекте Солнечной Системы, второй планете от Солнца. Вы узнаете об удивительных отличительных особенностях этой планеты, а кроме всего прочего, Венера – самая яркая планета, после Солнца и Луны. The second planet from the sun bakes under twice as much solar radiation as Earth and reaches temperatures of […]...
  6. Значение идиомы tail between one’s legs [tail between one’s legs] {n. phr.} State of feeling beaten, ashamed, or very obedient, as after a scolding or a whipping. Thearmy sent the enemy home with their tails between their legs. Theboys on the team had boasted they would win the tournament, but theywent home with their tails between their legs....
  7. Moon Топик Луна познакомит вас с естественным спутником Земли. Луна вращается по орбите вокруг Земли с периодом 27,3 суток, поэтому мы видим всегда только одну ее сторону. Гравитация Земли удерживает Луну на орбите, а гравитация Луны создает морские приливы и отливы на Земле. Атмосфера на Луне практически отсутствует, что приводит к высокому перепаду температур на поверхности […]...
  8. Перевод слова tail Tail – хвост, кончик Перевод слова Tail ski – хвостовая лыжа самолета dog’s tail – собачий хвост the tail wagging the dog – хвост виляет собакой He checked behind. No Tail. Он оглянулся. “Хвоста” не было. The peacock fanned his Tail. Павлин раскрыл веером хвост. The lizard’s Tail can regenerate. Хвост ящерицы может регенерировать....
  9. Перевод слова dust Dust – пыль Перевод слова To carry off dust – разносить пыль a trail of dust – шлейф пыли volcanic dust – вулканическая пыль Dust the pan with flour. Присыпьте сковородку мукой. The Dust made him cough. От пыли он закашлялся. The floor was covered with Dust. Пол был покрыт пылью....
  10. Значение идиомы under a cloud [under a cloud] {adj. phr.} 1. Under suspicion; not trusted. Joyce has been under a cloud since her roommate’s braceletdisappeared. The butcher is under a cloud because the inspectorsfound his scales were not honest. 2. Depressed, sad, discouraged. Joe has been under a cloud since his dog died....
  11. Значение идиомы every cloud has a silver lining [every cloud has a silver lining] Every trouble has somethinghopeful that you can see in it, like the bright edge around a darkcloud. – A proverb. The doctor told Tommy to cheer up when he hadmeasles. “Every cloud has a silver lining,” he said. Compare: IT’S ANILL WIND THAT BLOWS NOBODY GOOD....
  12. Значение идиомы go into orbit [go into orbit] {v. phr.}, {slang} 1. To become very happy orsuccessful. Our team has gone into orbit. Compare: FLY HIGH. 2. Tolose one’s temper or control completely; become very angry. Johnwas afraid his father would go into orbit when he found out about thecar accident. Compare: HIT THE CEILING....
  13. Значение идиомы wind [wind] See: GET WIND OF, GOD TEMPERS THE WIND TO THE SHORN LAMB, GONE WITH THE WIND, IN THE WIND, IT’S AN ILL WIND THAT BLOWS NOBODYGOOD, SECOND WIND, STRAW IN THE WIND, TAKE THE WIND OUT OF ONE’SSAILS, THREE SHEETS IN THE WIND or THREE SHEETS TO THE WIND, THROWCAUTION TO THE WIND, WAY […]...
  14. Asteroids – Астероиды Quick quiz: How many planets orbit our Sun? If you said nine, you`re shy by several thousand. Scientists consider asteroids to be minor planets — some are hundreds of miles wide (and seldom round). Orbits Most, but not all, orbit the sun in an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The huge gravitational pull of […]...
  15. The Wind and the Sun The Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger. Suddenly they saw a traveller coming down the road, and the Sun said, “I see a way to decide our dispute. Whichever of us can cause that traveller to take off his cloak shall be regarded as the stronger. You begin.” So the Sun […]...
  16. Перевод слова cloud Cloud – облако, туча; масса, множество Перевод слова Rain cloud – дождевая туча storm cloud – грозовая туча cloud of witnesses – множество свидетелей The sun was behind a Cloud. Солнце скрылось за тучей. Thick mist Clouded the mountaintops. Густой туман затянул горные вершины. All at once, a Cloud has blanched the blue. Неожиданно на […]...
  17. Значение идиомы cows tail [cows tail] {n.}, {dialect} A person who is behind others. John was the cow’s tail at the exam. Fred was always the old cow’s tail for football practice....
  18. Перевод идиомы heads or tails, значение выражения и пример использования Идиома: heads or tails Перевод: орел или решка Пример: We decided who would start the game by throwing heads or tails with a coin. Мы решили определить, кто начнет игру, подбросив монетку....
  19. Значение идиомы on cloud nine [on cloud nine] {adj. phr.}, {slang} Too happy to think of anythingelse; very happy. Ada has been on cloud nine since the magazineprinted the story she wrote. We were on cloud nine when our teamwon the state championship. Compare: ON TOP OF THE WORLD, WALK ONAIR....
  20. Космос (Space), лексика и слова по теме A planet – планета the solar system – солнечная система the Moon – Луна the Earth – Земля the Sun – Солнце Venus – Венера Jupiter – Юпитер Neptune – Нептун Saturn – Сатурн Mercury – Меркурий Mars – Марс Pluto – Плутон Uranus – Уран astronomy – астрономия a telescope – телескоп an astronaut […]...
  21. Значение идиомы bite the dust [bite the dust] {v. phr.}, {informal} 1. To be killed in battle. Captain Jones discharged his gun and another guerrilla bit the dust. 2. To fall in defeat; go down before enemies; be overthrown; lose. Our team bit the dust today....
  22. Значение идиомы push over [push over] {v. phr.} To upset; overthrow. She is standing onher feet very solidly; a little criticism from you certainly won’tpush her over. The wind in Chicago can be so strong that sometimesI’m afraid I’ll get pushed over....
  23. Перевод слова wind Wind – ветер Перевод слова A bitter wind – резкий ветер wheat buckling in the wind – пшеница, сгибающаяся от ветра fierce wind – свирепый ветер The Wind favoured us. Ветер был попутный. A Wind rose. Задул сильный ветер. You’re just wasting Wind. Ты только сотрясаешь воздух....
  24. Перевод слова minute Minute – минута; мелкий Перевод слова Minute hand – минутная стрелка in a minute – скоро, прямо сейчас to measure very minute changes of temperature – измерять малейшие изменения температуры minute particles of dust – мельчайшие частицы пыли I’ll be back in a Minute. Я вернусь через минуту. Hey, wait a Minute! Эй, подождите минутку! […]...
  25. Значение идиомы heads or tails [heads or tails] {n. phr.} The two sides of a coin, especially whenthe coin is tossed in the air in order to decide which of twoalternatives are to be followed. Tom tossed a quarter in the airand said, “Tails, I win; heads you win.”...
  26. Значение идиомы after the dust clears [after the dust clears] or [when the dust settles] {adv. phr.} When a troubling, confusing, or disastrous event is finally over. John invited Tim for dinner, but since Tim’s father had just died, he replied, “Thanks. I’d like to come after the dust settles.”...
  27. Значение идиомы make head or tail of [make head or tail of] {v. phr.}, {informal} To see the why of;finding a meaning in; understand. – Used in negative, conditional, andinterrogative sentences. She could not make head or tail of thedirections on the dress pattern. Can you make head or tail of theletter?...
  28. The Colonel’s Order A COLONEL ISSUED THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIVE TO HIS EXECUTIVE OFFICERS: “Tomorrow evening at approximately 2000 hours Halley’s Comet will be visible in this area; an event which occurs only every 75 years. Have the men fall out in the battalion area in fatigues, and I will explain this rare phenomenon to them. In case of […]...
  29. Перевод идиомы under a cloud, значение выражения и пример использования Идиома: under a cloud Перевод: в тяжелом положении Пример: She has been under a cloud of depression since her cat died. Она была очень подавлена после того, как умерла ее кошка....
  30. English language Have you ever wondered why foreigners have trouble with the English Language? Let’s face it English is a stupid language. There is no egg in the eggplant No ham in the hamburger And neither pine nor apple in the pineapple. English muffins were not invented in England French fries were not invented in France. We […]...
  31. Majority rules So it seems that these four rabbis had a series of theological arguments, and three were always in accord against the fourth. One day, the odd rabbi out, after the usual “3 to 1, majority rules” statement that signified that he had lost again, decided to appeal to a higher authority. “Oh, God!” he cried. […]...
  32. The Earth and the Solar System Топик Земля и Солнечная система рассказывает о строении планетной Солнечной системы, о том, какое место в ней занимает планета Земля. Из этого топика вы узнаете, какие планеты расположены ближе всего к нашей планете и в чем выражается их влияние на нее, и о том, что звезды – это просто огненные шары горящего газа. Человечество издавна […]...
  33. Перевод идиомы on cloud nine, значение выражения и пример использования Идиома: on cloud nine Перевод: на седьмом небе от счастья; бесконечно счастливый Пример: She has been on cloud nine since she decided to get married last month. С тех пор, как она решила выйти замуж в прошлом месяце, она просто сияет от счастья....
  34. Пословица / поговорка every cloud has a silver lining / every cloud has its silver lining – перевод и значение, пример использования Пословица / поговорка: every cloud has a silver lining / every cloud has its silver lining Перевод: есть у тучки светлая подкладка Эквивалент в русском языке: нет худа без добра Пример: Although the fire destroyed the small business, every cloud has a silver lining and the business owners were able to build a new building […]...
  35. Значение идиомы tag end [tag end] or [tail end] {n.}, {informal} The end, farthest to therear, last in line, nearest the bottom, or least important. Johnwas at the tail end of his class. Mary’s part in the play came atthe tag end, and she got bored waiting. Bill waited at thecrossing for the tag end of a freight to […]...
  36. Значение идиомы tail wags the dog [tail wags the dog] Said of situations in which a minor part is incontrol of the whole. He is just a minor employee at the firm, yethe gives everyone orders, a case of the tail wagging the dog....
  37. Перевод слова form Form – форма, разновидность; бланк; формировать, образовывать Перевод слова Without shape or form – бесформенный in any shape or form – в любом виде it’s a form of influenza – это особая форма гриппа a form of application – форма заявления to form a choir – создавать хор Fog Forms in the valleys. Туман возникает […]...
  38. Значение идиомы gone with the wind [gone with the wind] {adj. phr.} Gone forever; past; vanished. All the Indians who used to live here are gone with the wind. Joeknew that his chance to get an “A” was gone with the wind when he sawhow hard the test was. Compare: DOWN THE DRAIN....
  39. Перевод идиомы under a cloud of suspicion, значение выражения и пример использования Идиома: under a cloud of suspicion Перевод: под подозрением, на плохом счету Пример: The politician has been under a cloud of suspicion over the possibility of taking bribes. Политик находился под подозрением из-за того, что было возможно, что он брал взятки....
  40. Значение идиомы dust off [dust off] {v.}, {informal} 1. To get ready to use again. Four years after he graduated from school, Tom decided to dust off his algebra book. 2. To throw a baseball pitch close to. The pitcher dusted off the other team’s best hitter. Syn.: BRUSH BACK....
Comets – Кометы
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